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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different varieties produce distinct flavors. Find out more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica which is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor profile and are often utilized in coffee blends for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world, making up 75% of the world's coffee bean production. Arabica beans are sweeter and milder in flavor than Robusta and are available in a variety of flavor profiles. The aroma and taste of a particular coffee can vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and processing techniques used to produce it.

The word "coffee" actually comes from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating these berries. The cultivation of coffee spread quickly across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and they are capable of flourishing when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is thought to be the best tasting kind of coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops focus on using ethically-sourced arabica beans by focusing on fair compensation for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to create unique specialty coffees that work well with many methods of brewing. Blending can be used to control the aroma, flavor and body as well as the acidity of the coffee and is frequently preferred to create a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second-most popular kind of coffee bean in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. However, these acids could cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and can cause undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica and may grow in less favorable conditions. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and thrives in direct sun. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a cost-effective crop to grow.

Although it may sound contradictory the fact is that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to make coffee blends. If you notice names like Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee, it's possible that there is also some robusta.

Most roasters use a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs and ensure the quality. To ensure the quality of the flavor, it's essential to select a premium beans from a source you are confident in. The best way to do this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped that makes them different from other coffee bean types. They have a scent that is floral, fruity and smokey. They are often added to other coffee bean types to give them a more rounded and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. You can find the seeds online from many sources, but it is best to buy locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils that have moderately acidic pH as well as adequate annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa that was once considered a distinct species, but is now classified as a subspecies of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that are cultivated on 20-30 foot coffee plants that are located at medium altitudes. Their unique taste is both tart and sour, making them a popular option for house blends. They have a milder aroma and higher caffeine levels than Arabica or Robusta but still have a distinctive depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta, yet they're the fourth most popular. They were actually considered a different coffee plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified to become a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. These beans are distinctive with a teardrop-shaped shape and possess a dark, mysterious taste. They're typically used in blends to add body and a delicious tart, ripe fruit taste.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical and warm environments and Read More Listed here at high altitudes. They have a little acidity. When roasted and jamaican Coffee beans brewed correctly they may have notes like nuts, chocolate Coffee beans or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most-loved coffee worldwide, and is responsible for around 40% of the coffee consumed around the world. These beans are smaller and rounder, but have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two varieties and have an earthy and woody taste.

Now that you've learned the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans you can now choose your ideal coffee. If you're looking to enjoy a smooth, delicate flavor, opt for an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.