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The term "proxy" means the notion of a proxy frequently known as proxy servers are software that serves to act as an intermediary for server and a client via the internet. Without the use of a proxy, users can send a request for the server directly and the server would then serve the requested resource directly to the user. While this is a simple method to comprehend and implement, adding proxies provides benefits such as increased performance and security, privacy, and so on. As a pass-through layer, the proxy functions as a guardian to the internet between users and servers.

The general set of server hardware coupled with the software used to install proxy is commonly known as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers which are typically considered to be software specifically, in relation to servers for web. We will present a summary of the two main types of proxies, which is a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type comes with its own use case, and is often misinterpreted due the common terminology.

This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxies as well as their subtypes and ways that they can prove useful in a variety of configurations. If you read this article you'll be able to recognize situations where the use of proxy servers is advantageous, and determine the most suitable option between forward proxy and reverse proxy in any given situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy, also known by the name of an open proxy is the representative of the client trying to relay requests via the internet to an source server. In this situation, any attempt to send a request by the user will instead be handled by the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in the place of the client examines the request. Then, it will decide whether the client is permitted to send requests via this specific forward proxy. It will then decide whether to reject the request or forward it to the server that originated the request. The client isn't able to connect directly to the internet. It can only connect to the internet that forward proxy allows the client to access.

The primary reason for people to use forward proxies is to gain greater privacy or security when using the internet. A forward proxy can be used to access the internet instead of the client. In this process, it uses an alternative IP address to the original IP address of the client.

Based on the way it's configured, and how it is configured, forward proxy may offer a range of functions and allow users to:

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  Beware of ad-tracker.
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
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  You can determine restrictions based upon your geographical location.
  
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Forward proxies are also utilized for security systems that are centralized and have access based on permissions, like at work. If all internet traffic flows through a common forward proxy layer an administrator can restrict access to just a small number of internet users and be filtered by an common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls for the client layer which could be used by multiple computers with different environments and types of users you can establish a firewall located at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.

It is important to note that forward proxies need to be configured manually for use before they can be used, whereas reverse proxies are able to be obfuscated by clients. Based on the fact that the IP address of the user is relayed to an server that originated it by the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.

There are a variety of options to consider for forward proxy services.

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  Apache A well-known, open-source web server with forward proxy capabilities.
  
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  Nginx: Another widely used open-source webserver that includes forward proxy capabilities.
  
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  Squid: A free forward proxy that works with the HTTP protocol. It's not part of the complete web server. Check out our instructions on how to set up Squid proxy to permit private connections to Ubuntu 20.04.
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP which makes it more suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer connections. You may also want to learn how to set up Dante proxy to permit private connections with Ubuntu 20.04
  
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Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions to act as a proxy for web server, that handles customer requests for its behalf. The server could be either a single or multiple servers. Additionally, it could represent an application server, such as Gunicorn. In either case it is possible to send a request via the internet in general. In most cases, the request is sent directly to the server which hosts the resources the user is in need of. A reverse proxy is a intermediary, and separates this webserver from all direct interaction with the web's public.

From the perspective from the client's perspective the procedure of using reverse proxy isn't any different from interacting with the server on its own. It's exactly the same however the client cannot discern the difference. The client requests the resource, and is then supplied with it, with no extra configuration required from the user.

Reverse proxies provide features like:

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  The web server is secured centrally.
  
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  The direction of traffic coming in is by rules you have set.
  
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  A new feature for caching is now available.
  
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While central security is a benefit offered by both forward and reverse proxy servers. Reverse proxies offer this benefit only to the server layer but it is not available to the client layer. In lieu of the maintenance of firewalls on the server level which could contain several servers, each with different configurations, the majority of firewall security is centered on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of interacting with firewalls and connecting with client requests away from web servers allows the firewall to focus on serving the requirements of their customers.

When there is a multitude of servers hosted by a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is also accountable for the way requests are routed at the server that is hosting them. There could be multiple web servers offering the same service, offering different kinds of resources, or a mix of the two. These servers may use an HTTP protocol to perform the role of a standard web server, however they can also use applications server protocols like FastCGI. It is also possible to set up reverse proxy servers to redirect users to a specific server based on the requested resource, or to adhere to certain guidelines for traffic load.

Reverse proxies may also profit from their position prior to web servers by offering caching capabilities. Large static assets can be set by caching rules to ensure that web servers are not hit each time you request. There are solutions allowing users to serve static files without having to connect directly to web servers in any form. Additionally, reverse proxy can manage compressing these assets.

The renowned Nginx web server can also function as a reliable reverse proxy service. Although Apache is also a reverse proxy solution it is not the only one. Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy feature which is a feature that is available for Apache However, Nginx was designed originally to specifically focus on reverse proxy features.

The distinction is between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Since "forward" and "reverse" come with connotations of directionality as well as misleading distinctions between "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic The labels can be confusing because both kinds of proxy servers handle both requests as well as responses. An alternative method to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to analyze the specifications of the application you're developing.

A reverse proxy can be helpful when you are developing a method to connect web applications to the internet. They are your web servers when you interact using the internet.

Forward proxy are useful when used in front of customers for your own usage or in a professional setting. They are your client's proxy when you are on the internet.

Differentiating by case of use instead of focusing on the common naming conventions will assist you in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

This article describes the meaning of a proxy with two kinds: reverse proxy and forward proxy. Examples of how to use it as well as a look at the beneficial characteristics were used to differentiate forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about the use of proxy servers, check out our tutorial on how you can configure Nginx as a reverse proxy using Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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