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An proxy also referred to a proxy server is software which acts as a mediator between a client and server on the internet. Without proxy, a user will send a request directly to a server and it will serve the requested resource directly to the user. Although this is a simple process to comprehend and implement using proxy services, it may offer benefits in terms of increased performance, privacy, security, and much more. As an additional layer of security proxy, it acts as a gatekeeper for the internet between servers and clients.

It is generally accepted that the bundle of server hardware with installed proxy software is commonly referred to as a proxy server. In this article, we'll examine proxy servers which are usually defined as software, and also within the context of web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two primary types of proxies: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Each has its own application, and is frequently confused due to the similar name convention.

This article will give you an idea of the different types of proxy and what their subtypes are, as well as their significance in standard setups. By reading this article, you'll understand how to identify the circumstances where a reliable proxy can be beneficial and select the best solution in between forward and reverse proxy, based on the circumstances.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy also called an open proxy serves as an intermediary for a client that is trying to transmit a request over the internet to a source server. In this case every request sent by the user will be sent direct through forward-proxy. A forward proxy acting in the client's stead, will scrutinize the request. The first step is to determine if the client is permitted be able to accept requests through this specific forward proxy. It will then reject any request, or send it to the original server. The client is not able to have connection to any internet. It can access only the information that forward proxy grants the client access.

A very frequent reasons for forward proxy is to increase privacy or security when using the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet as the client, and in the process it can use an alternate IP address in addition to the client's original IP address.

Based on how it has been configured depending on how it is configured forward proxy can provide a range of features depending on how it is configured and allows users to:

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  Beware of ads that track you.
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
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  You can identify restrictions based on your geographical area.
  
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Forward proxies can also be used in systems that offer central security as well as permission-based access, like at the workplace. Internet traffic can go through a forward proxy that is open, administrators are able to restrict access to certain users to the internet, which is protected by a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer that can include multiple devices with various configurations and users, you can install an firewall that is located in the layer that forwards proxy traffic.

Take note that forward proxy settings must be manually configured for be used, however reverse proxies will be disregarded by the client. Based on the fact that your IP address the user is sent to the server from where it came from by the forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted or hidden.

There are many choices to be considered for forward proxy:

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  Apache is a well-known open-source web server, which provides forward proxy capabilities.
  
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  Nginx: Another widely used open-source server used for web hosting that has forward proxy features.
  
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  Squid: An open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server. Check out our guide on how to install Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
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  Dante is a forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it more suited for cases like peer-to-peer connections. You may also want to know how to create a Dante proxy to allow secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04
  
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Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy functions as the web server that handles all requests received from customers on its behalf. The web server may represent a single, or a number of servers. It could also be an application server such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, an application request is made from a user via the internet. Most of the time, the request would be directed directly to a web server with the resources the client wants. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary, and separates your server from interaction with the open internet.

From the point of view of the user's point of view reverse proxy is a process that reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to a Web server through direct communication. It's exactly the same and the client is unable to tell the difference. Client requests the resource, which is followed by receiving it, without any additional configurations required for the end user.

Reverse proxies provide features such as:

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  A centralized layer of security that protects the server.
  
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  Incoming traffic is directed upon rules that you can define.
  
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  New functionality added for caching.
  
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Although centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies apply this function to only the server layer, but not the client layer. In lieu of focussing on the maintenance of firewalls at the web server layer, which can contain a variety of servers and different configurations, the majority of firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Also, the removal of the responsibility of communicating with firewalls as well as communicating with clients who are far from web servers allows them to concentrate on delivering the requirements of their clients.

In the event of multiple servers existing through a reverse proxy reverse proxy also is responsible for directing what requests are routed to which servers. There may be several web servers offering identical content, but offering different kinds of services or a combination of the two. They could be running the HTTP protocol that is a standard web server, but can incorporate other protocols used by application servers, such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy settings to direct users to a particular server based on the requested resource or to adhere to certain guidelines regarding the load of traffic.

Reverse proxies may also take advantage of their location on top of web servers, as they have the ability to cache information. Massive static resources can be configured with caching policy to avoid hitting web servers with each request. Certain applications allow users to directly serve static assets without connecting to Web servers in any form. In addition reverse proxy solutions can handle compressing these assets.

The popular Nginx web server can also function as a popular reverse proxy solution. While there is similar functionality that is available in Apache web server, it does include a reverse proxy features as an additional feature available to Apache however Nginx was designed originally for and is focused on reverse proxy functionality.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Usage Situations

Since "forward" along with "reverse" are associated with directionality, as well as misleading comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing because both kinds of proxies process requests and responses. Better yet, the best method to differentiate between the reverse and forward proxy types is to study the requirements of the app you're creating.

A reverse proxy could be helpful when building a solution to serve websites via the internet. They represent your web servers when you use the internet.

Forward proxy are helpful when displayed before customers for the purpose of your own use or in a business setting. They represent your client traffic in any interactions with the internet.

A case-based distinction instead of focusing solely on commonly used naming conventions can help in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

The article clarified the meaning of a proxy is with the two main types of proxy: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the attributes that are beneficial were used to identify forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about how proxies are implemented then you should check out our guide on how to set up Nginx as a reverse proxy and web server proxy for Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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