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A proxy, also called an application called a proxy, serves to act as a mediator between server and client over the internet. Without the proxy, a customer could make a request a service directly from a server, and the server could serve the requested resource directly back at the requester's. While this approach is straightforward to comprehend and implement, adding proxies offers benefits such as improved performance, privacy, security, and much more. As an additional layer of pass-through, the proxy acts as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.

In general, the mix of hardware for servers with proxy software is often referred too as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies which are generally classified as software specifically in relation to web servers. This article will present the full description of two kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type of proxy has its own scenario, and is frequently not understood due to the similar terms.

This article will provide you with information about the different types of proxy services, what their subtypes are, and the way they work in various configurations. Through this article, you'll be able to recognize the situations in which using proxy services is beneficial, and choose the best option between reverse and forward proxy in any given scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

The forward proxy also referred to the open proxy acts as a representative for a user who wishes to send an internet request to an the server that originated it. In this case, the entire effort to send requests made by the user will instead be transmitted through the forward proxy. A forward proxy, acting instead of the client, will look at the request. Then, it determines if this user is authorised to send requests through this specific forward proxy. It will then decide whether to refuse any request or forward it to the server that originated it. The client is not able to have direct access directly to internet. It is able to access only what forward proxy permits the client to connect.

A popular use for forward proxies is increased privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy can access the internet in place of a client, and as such it can use a different IP address than the IP address that was originally used by the client.

Depending on how it's been configured and how it is configured forward proxy can provide you with different features based on the configuration and enables you to:

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  Do not be a victim of ad tracking.
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
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  Recognize restrictions based on place of residence.
  
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Forward proxies are also used for security systems that are centralised as well as access that is permission-based in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet passes via an open forward proxy the administrator can grant only a few clients connection to internet filtered by the standard firewall. Instead of setting up firewalls on the server layer, which can comprise a variety of machines that have various environments and users A firewall can be placed on top of this forward proxy layer.

It is essential to note that forward proxies must be manually configured in order to be used while reverse proxies will be hidden from the user. Depending on the type of the IP address that the user, they are transferred to the server from which it originated through forward proxy Privacy and anonymity could be granted or not.

There are many options to consider for forward proxy services.

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  Apache A well-known open source web server that provides forward proxy capabilities.
  
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  Nginx: Another widely used open-source web server with the ability to forward-proxy.
  
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  Squid: A free forward proxy using the HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't include the full web server. Read our article on how to create Squid proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
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  Dante is forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP which makes it more suitable for applications such as peer-to -peer traffic. You can also learn how to configure Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04
  
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Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy acts as an agent for the web server which manages the incoming requests of clients on its behalf. The web server could comprise a server, or multiple servers. Also, it could become an application-server such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios the request will come via the web in general. In most cases your request is made directly to the web server along with the resources the user is looking for. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, isolating the webserver from direct interaction with the internet.

From the point of view of the user, the experience of using reverse proxy is not different than communicating with an internet server directly. It's basically the same, but the client can't be able to discern the difference. The client requests an item and receives it, without any additional configuration required by the client.

Reverse proxies offer features like:

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  Security centralized for web servers.
  
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  Controlling traffic that is incoming by implementing rules that you establish.
  
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  New caching functionality has been added.
  
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While centralized security can be an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers. However, reverse proxies provide this benefit only to that layer on the webserver, not the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls in the layer of web servers, which could contain multiple servers and different configurations, the bulk protection of firewalls is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the removal of the burden of interacting with a firewall and responding to requests from clients via web servers allows them to concentrate solely on serving the needs of their customers.

In the event of multiple servers operating with a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy is also responsible for the direction in which requests are directed to which servers. There could be multiple web servers running within the same system, offering different kinds of resources, or a combination of the two. They may use the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server, but they can also be equipped with protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy to direct users to a specific server according to the service required, or to specific rules pertaining to the amount of traffic.

Reverse proxies can also benefit by being placed on top of web servers as they offer caching capabilities. Large static assets can be created by using caching rules in order to avoid needing to connect with web servers every time. Some solutions allowing you to directly serve static assets without having to communicate with the webserver even once. In addition, the reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.

The popular Nginx web server also functions as a highly regarded reverse proxy option. Even though Apache is also an alternative to reverse proxy, the Apache web server does have reverse proxy capabilities, however, it's an additional feature that is available to Apache as opposed to Nginx was initially designed for and focuses upon the feature of reverse proxy.

Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use

Because "forward" and "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" in addition to "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing since both kinds of proxies handle requests and responses. The best method to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to consider the requirements of the app that you are developing.

Reverse proxy can be useful when you are developing a solution that can provide web-based applications over the internet. They serve as your web servers during any interaction on the internet.

Forward proxy are helpful when put in front of users either for personal use, or even in an office setting. They serve as a representation of your client's activity every time you connect to the internet.

Separating by use case, instead of focusing solely on common naming conventions can ensure that you aren't confused.

Conclusion

This article explains the meaning of a proxy using the two main kinds, namely reverse proxy and forward proxy. Examples of practical use and an overview of advantageous features were utilized to distinguish forward proxies from reverse proxy. If you're looking to know more about the benefits of proxies, then you can check out our guide on how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy in Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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