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A proxy, also known as a proxy can also be referred to by the name of a proxy, is software that functions to act as an intermediary for client and server via the internet. In the absence of a proxy server, a client could send a request for any resource directly to the server, and servers would deliver the requested resource directly to the user. This is a simple method to grasp and use however, the addition of proxy servers could provide advantages like increased speed, privacy and security, etc. In addition to providing a layer of pass-through proxy servers function as a guardian for the internet between servers and clients.




The consensus is that the hardware for servers, paired with proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. However, this article will focus on proxy servers that are typically categorized as software, and more specifically in relation to web servers. This article will provide a brief overview of the two major types of proxies: a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has a distinct use, which could be confusing because of the same name convention.




This article will provide you with an idea of the different types of proxy and subtypes are, as well as their importance in common configurations. By reading this article you'll be able understand the situations when you could benefit from a proxy and decide on the appropriate choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy depending on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also referred to as open proxy, sometimes referred to as open proxy serves as an agent for users who wish to make a request over the internet to a source server. In this instance, any request sent by the client will rather be directed via the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in position of the customer will review the request. It first decides if the client is legally authorized to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either deny the request or forward it to the server from which it originated. The client is not allowed directly access to internet; it will only be able to access the information that the forward proxy allows its access.




One of the most frequent applications for forward proxy servers is to provide greater privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy connects to the internet instead of a client's individual account, and may use a different IP address in comparison to the original IP address that is used by the user.




Depending on how it's been configured, based on the way it's set up, forward proxy may offer many features and allow you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on the geolocation.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems that provide central security and permission based access, such as in workplaces. In the event that all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator is able to permit only certain users access to the internet. This is controlled by a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls in place for the client layer, which could include multiple machines with different configurations and users, a firewall could be placed on an intermediary layer.




Remember that forward proxies must be manually set up to be used, while reverse proxies can be ignored in the eyes of the user. Depending on the kind of IP address a client is sent to the server that originated it via the forward proxy privacy and security can be made more transparent.




There are a myriad of choices to be considered when deciding on forward proxy options:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server which provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another well-known open-source webserver which has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A free and open forward proxy open source that uses an HTTP protocol. This option doesn't include the whole web server. We recommend you read our article about how to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it more suitable for scenarios such as peer-to-peer communication. You can also learn how to setup a Dante proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is the web server that handles the requests of customers on behalf of the server. This server can serve as a single server or as a series of servers. It could also include an application servers, such as Gunicorn. In any of these instances the request will be made via the web in general. Most of the time, the request is sent directly to the web server, along with the resources the client in need of. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, segregating your website server from communicating with the internet's public.




From a consumer's point of the client's point of, using reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to an internet server direct. It's functionally the same but the client can't discern the difference. The client asks for the resource, and is then granted access without any further configuration required on the part of the client.




Reverse proxies provide features such as:




A central layer of security that protects the server.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you can establish.


A new feature for caching has been added.




Although central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse proxy providers provide this benefit only to the server layer and only the layer that clients use. In lieu of the maintenance of firewalls at the server level that could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security can be focused at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, eliminating the burden of communicating with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from clients not connected to web servers lets them concentrate solely on delivering the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers being hosted through reverse proxy it also manages the routing of requests to the servers. Multiple web servers could be providing the exact same service, or serving different types of resources or a mix of both. They may utilize their HTTP protocol as a standard web server, however they could also incorporate applications server protocols like FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy that routes clients to particular servers according to the requested source, and to observe certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can make use of their position before web servers, by providing caching capabilities. Large static assets can be managed by caching rules to avoid getting to web servers for every time you request. There are options that provide an option to serve static content directly without having to connect with the webserver at all. Additionally, reverse proxy can manage compressing these files.




The renowned Nginx web server is a well-known reverse proxy option. While it is true that Apache web server does have reverse proxy capabilities, Apache web server has reverse proxy capabilities, it is an added feature available to Apache however Nginx was initially designed focus on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Examples



Because "forward" and "reverse" are both associated with an impression of directionality and inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic could be confusing because both kinds of proxies process requests and response. The best way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy servers is to analyze the requirements of the app you're building.




Reverse proxy is a vital element in the creation of a system to support web applications on the internet. They function as your servers whenever you connect to the Internet.




Forward proxy can be helpful for displaying customers for your own use, or in a work environment. The forward proxy is a representation of the information of the customer whenever you interact on the internet.




A distinction based on use case rather than focusing only on naming conventions that are similar will help avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified meaning of a proxy, with two types, the forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an examination of beneficial attributes were used to distinguish forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you're interested exploring the use of proxy servers, you can read our guide on how to set up Nginx as a web server as well as reverse proxy on Apache on Ubuntu 20.04 Server. Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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