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It is a proxy which is also known as a proxy server. It is a program that functions to act as mediator between client and server on the internet. Without a proxy, a client would be able to make a request for or resource to the server directly and the server will serve the resource directly back to the user. While this is a simple method to understand and implement, the addition of proxies can offer advantages in terms of improved performance as well as privacy, security and many more. As a pass-through layer a proxy acts as an additional security layer on the internet between servers and clients.




There is a general consensus that the combination of server hardware and software to install proxy servers is often referred too by the name of proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are typically considered to be software, and also in the context of web servers. The article will provide a detailed discussion of the two main types of proxy servers, which include a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Every one has its unique usage situation, and is often misunderstood because of the similar terms.




This article will give you some knowledge about the types of proxies and the subtypes of them and how they function in the most common configurations. After having read this article, you'll be able to identify the scenarios in which you can benefit from a proxy and then select the most appropriate forward and reverse proxy in any particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy also known by the name of an open proxy acts as the representative of a customer who wants to forward a request over the internet to an source server. In this case the entire attempt to send requests made by the user will instead be forwarded by the forward-proxy. This forward proxy acting on behalf of the client will scrutinize the request. The first process is to determine if the client is allowed to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to deny a request or forward it to its origin server. The client is not allowed directly access to internet. It has access to only what forward proxy allows for it to be connected to.




A popular use for forward proxies is to gain more privacy or security online. A forward proxy is able to connect to the internet instead of a client and in this manner, it may use an IP address that is different from the client's original IP address.




Depending on how it's been set up the forward proxy can provide a variety of functions depending on how it is configured that allows you to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your location.




Forward proxies are also used for security systems which are centralised and have permission-based access, such as in a workplace. The entire internet can be passed by the open forward proxy. administrators can allow only a handful of clients connection to internet using a common firewall. Instead of creating security firewalls on the server layer which could comprise a range of machines that have different configurations and users, a firewall can be installed on top of an front proxy layer.




It is vital to note that forward proxies must be manually set up to use, however reverse proxy servers will remain undetected by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is sent to the server that originated it from the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity might be granted or unnoticed.




There are numerous options to consider forward proxy options




Apache: A popular open-source web server which provides forward proxy features.


Nginx is a popular open-source webserver that comes with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It isn't an all-inclusive Web server software. Check out our tutorial on installing Squid proxy for private connections for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more to handle peer-to-peer traffic. It's also worth taking a look explore how you can set up an Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



The reverse proxy acts as the server which handles requests from clients on its behalf. The web server can serve as a single server or as a set of servers. In addition, it could serve like an app server such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, the request comes from a user via the internet. The request is typically sent directly to the web server which contains the resources the user wants. Instead, a reverse proxy works as an intermediary and shields it from any direct contact with the internet's open.




From the point of view of the user, working via reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to your webserver directly. It's functionally identical and the user cannot discern the distinction. Clients make a request for a resource, which is followed by receiving it with no extra configuration required from the user.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


The sending of traffic in accordance with rules you can define.


Additional features to cache data.




Although centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers. However, reverse proxy services provide this benefit only to that layer of the internet server but not the layer that clients use. Instead of having to maintain firewalls on the layer of web servers, that can include several servers that have different configurations, the bulk of the firewall security can be handled by the reverse proxy layer. In addition eliminating the burden of interacting with firewalls and communicating with clients who request information from web servers allows them to focus on serving the resources.




If there are multiple servers that are running through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy handles how requests are routed the server. There could be multiple web servers that provide the same service, all offering different types of resources or a mix of both. They may use the HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server, however they may additionally include application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy that routes users to specific servers based on the resource they request or to adhere to specific rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also profit by their position over web servers by offering caching capabilities. Massive static resources can be configured with caching rules in order to avoid the web server from being hit with every request, with some options allowing users to provide static files directly, without connecting to the web server once. In addition, the reverse proxy can handle compression of these files.




The popular Nginx webserver is also a very well-known reverse proxy solution. Although Apache can also be a reverse proxy solution, this Apache web server does have reverse proxy capabilities as an additional option to Apache and Nginx was designed originally for and was designed with a focus on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Utilization



Since "forward" and "reverse" come with connotations of directionality and false distinctions between "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can confuse since both kinds of proxy handle responses and requests. Better yet, the best method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to analyze the specifications of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy is an important feature when you are designing a solution to host web-based applications via the internet. They serve as your web servers during any interaction via the internet.




A forward proxy is beneficial for use in front of customers for your personal usage, or even in a workplace. They serve as the proxy for your client through any interaction with the internet.




Utilizing use cases to differentiate rather than focusing solely on common naming conventions will help avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the meaning of a proxy and two types of proxy, the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for use as well as a discussion of most beneficial features were used to differentiate between forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're keen to learn more about the benefits of proxies, then you can read our guide on how to install Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server with Apache in an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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