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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties produce different flavors. Find out about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a variety of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and more tart flavor profile and Arabica Coffee Beans are often added to coffee blends to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans account for 75% of all global production. Arabica beans have a milder and sweeter taste than Robusta, and come in a variety of flavour profiles. The taste and aroma components of a cup of coffee can differ significantly based on the growing conditions and processing methods used to produce it.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word meaning berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow in bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were stimulated after eating these fruit, and the cultivation of coffee soon began to spread throughout the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and they are capable of flourishing when exposed to cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is believed to be the best coffee beans tasting kind of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters insist on using ethically-sourced arabica beans by focusing on fair compensation for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to make unique coffees that can be used in many methods of brewing. Blending gives you control over the aroma, flavor, body, and acidity of the coffee and is frequently preferred to create a balanced and consistent taste that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most coveted kind of coffee bean around the world. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. However, these acids can cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and can cause undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica, able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a more cost effective crop to grow.

While it may sound counterintuitive it's true that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to make coffee blends. If you find names such as Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee it's likely that there is also some robusta.

Although some roasters only use arabica beans but the majority do mix the two varieties to cut costs and maintain the quality. To preserve the flavor integrity it is recommended to select a high quality bean from a trusted source. This can be done by purchasing your beans direct from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped that makes them different from other varieties of coffee beans. They have a smell that is floral, fruity and smoky. They are often blended with other coffee beans to give a fuller, more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans near me beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They can be grown at low altitudes and can withstand hot, humid climates. They also have a more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. Online, you can purchase seeds from a variety of sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure the highest quality. The ideal conditions to grow Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils, with a pH that is moderately acidic as well as sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different kind of coffee whole bean coffee. It was initially classified as a distinct species, but has since been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans with an oval shape grow on large coffee plants that range from 20-30 feet in height at medium altitudes. They have a distinct taste that is both fruity and tart that has made them a sought-after option in blends made by home. They have a lighter scent and a lower caffeine content that is less than Arabica or Robusta but they do have a distinct flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa unroasted coffee beans beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta, even though they are the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be an individual species of coffee plant until 2006 when they were reclassified to an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans are shaped as a teardrop and have a dark, mysterious taste. These beans are often used to give blends additional body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruit.

Arabica beans are the most popular and are well-known for their the most delicious taste. They thrive at high altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They also have a bit of acidity. If properly brewed and roasted they may impart notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second to Arabica and accounts for around 40% of the world's coffee beans fresh. These beans are smaller and more round however they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two varieties and have an earthy and woody taste.

After learning about the four most common types of brew, it's time to pick your favorite drink. If you're looking to enjoy a smooth soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.