Ceutical Health Care and Sciences (2015)

PubMed 2-Chloro-5,6-dihydro-7H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-7-one2-Chloro-5,6-dihydro-7H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-7-one ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12711626 1:Page 2 ofpharmacists in appropriate drug use" (PI: Toshitaka Nabeshima), which was supported by a Health Labour Science Research Grant (H10-Iyaku-068, 1998?000) from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan, played an indispensable role in the introduction and development of pharmacist-managed clinics (PMCs) for patient education and counseling in s40337-016-0117-z Japan. In this 3-year program, 10 Japanese pharmacists studied abroad to see clinical pharmacy practices in the United States, and 8 visiting clinical pharmacists from foreign countries introduced PMCs and other pharmacy services, as well as pharmacy education, to Japan [35,36]. The first PMC in Japan was established for anticoagulation therapy with warfarin at Nagoya University Hospital in 2000 [37-39]. This was triggered by a request from a medical doctor in the vascular surgery department for hospital pharmacists to conduct patient education and pharmaceutical counseling for those who had taken warfarin for a long period, but for whom the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) value was unstable and sometimes outside of the target range. A hospital pharmacist, Dr. Keiko Yamamura, played an indispensable role in establishing this PMC. Implementation of this new clinical practice involving patient education and counseling was first reported in the 10th Clinical Pharmacy Symposium in Japan (Chiba, Japan, 2002). A PMC for asthma was also started at Nagoya University Hospital in 2001, for which a pharmacist, Dr. Masaya Hasegawa, played a crucial role [39,40]. At the same PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9144744 time, a PMC for asthma was introduced by Dr. Ritsuko Taniguchi into pharmacy education at Okayama University School of Pharmacy [41]. Drs. Yamamura, Hasegawa, and Taniguchi had all studied abroad with support from the international exchange program mentioned above [35]. At present, various PMCs are in operation at hospital pharmacies in Japan [42-50] (Table 1). For example, we now operate 7 PMCs at Nagoya University Hospital, such as for anticoagulation therapy, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), donepezil outpatient consultation service (DOCS), palliative care, chronic kidneyTable 1 Examples of PMCs at hospital pharmacies in JapanPMCs Anticoagulation therapy Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Donepezil outpatient consultation service (DOCS) Cancer chemotherapy Chronic kidney disease Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis Hypercholesterolemia Chronic hepatitis C References [37-39] [39-41,69-71] [39,44] [45-50] not available not available [42] [43]disease, molecular-targeted drugs, and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Some of them are run in collaboration with schools of pharmacy. A PMC for DOCS is an example of such hospital pharmacist/faculty pharmacist collaboration. The DOCS provides pharmaceutical education and counseling about the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and drug therapy with donepezil and other drugs to outpatients and their family members [44]. We have demonstrated that the DOCS improves N-BOC-3-Fluoro-D-phenylalanine understanding of the clinical features of Alzheimer's disease in patients and provides pharmacological knowledge about antidementia drugs, leading to significantly better adherence to pharmacotherapy with donepezil [44]. As a distinct feature of PMCs in Japan, the number of PMCs for cancer chemotherapy has rapidly increased in parallel with a paradigm shift of the treatment from inpatients to outpatients.