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The term "proxy" refers to proxy servers. A proxy or proxy server. A proxy server is a software that sits in the middle between client and server on the internet. Without a proxy, a user would make a request for a resource directly to the server, and it would then serve the resource directly back towards the customer. It is easy to understand and implement, the addition of proxies offers advantages through improved security, performance, privacy and more. As a pass-through layer, proxy servers act as a gatekeeper on the internet between clients and servers.

It is generally accepted that the combination of hardware used by servers and proxy software installed is commonly called proxy servers. However, this article will concentrate on proxy servers which are typically described in terms of software and those that are used together with web servers. The article will provide a description of two types, namely the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own specific usage, which can be confusing because of the overlap in terminology.

This article will provide you with an understanding of nature of proxies and their subtypes are and also their importance in typical setups. If you read this article, you'll be able recognize situations where an effective proxy can be useful, and choose the most suitable choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy, in any scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

In other words, a forward proxy sometimes referred to as open proxy open proxy is an agent of a user who is trying to make requests online to an origin server. In this scenario, every request made by the user will be directed via the forward proxy. In this case, the forward proxy acting on behalf of the client will review the request. At the beginning it will decide if the client is authorized to make requests through this specific forward proxy. It will then either refuse requests or redirect them to the origin server. The client does not have direct access to the internet; it is only able to access what the forward proxy permits for it to join.

The most common reason to use forward proxies is to provide more privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet on behalf of an individual client and during this manner it can use an IP address distinct from the original IP address used by the client.

Depending on the method by which it's set up the forward proxy may offer a range of functions as well as the capability to:

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  Beware of ad-tracker.
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
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  You can determine restrictions based upon your location.
  
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Forward proxies also are utilized in systems that provide central security and permission-based access, for example in the workplace. When all internet traffic goes through a common forward proxy, the administrator may permit only a few clients connection to internet, which is then filtered by a common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in this layer that could be used by multiple computer with different configurations and users and environments, a firewall can be added to the forward proxy layer.

Remember the fact that forward proxy servers must be manually set up before they can be used while reverse proxy servers could be not noticed by clients. Based on whether or not an IP address from the user is sent to the origin server through the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or hidden from view.

There are a myriad of options to take into consideration when it comes to forward proxy options.

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  Apache The Apache is a well-known open source web server which provides forward proxy capabilities.
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source web server with forward proxy capabilities.
  
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  Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't have the full Web server platform. Check out our article on the best method to install Squid proxy to connect private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
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  Dante forward proxy that runs the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it better to handle situations like peer-to-peer connections. You could also look into how to set up Dante proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04
  
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Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy acts to act as an agent of a web server. It handles requests made by customers on its behalf. The web server could function as a one server or as a series of servers. Additionally, it can include an application servers, such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request might come from a user on the internet. Typically, the request will be directly sent to the server on the internet that holds the data the user is seeking. Contrarily, a reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, separating the web server from direct contact with the internet's open.

From the point of view of the client, interacting via reverse proxy doesn't differ than interacting via direct connection to an internet server. It's the same thing but clients aren't able to tell the distinction. The client requests a resource and then receives it without additional configuration needed by the client.

Reverse proxy providers provide features like:

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  Security centralized to web server.
  
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  Incoming traffic is directed according to rules that you set up.
  
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  Additional features for caching.
  
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Central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this feature to that layer of the webserver, rather than the client layer. In lieu of sustaining firewalls on the server level which could comprise several servers that have various configurations, the bulk of firewall security could be focused at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of communicating with firewalls as well as communicating requests from clients off web servers allows the firewall to focus on supplying resources.

In the event of multiple servers that are running in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy can also be responsible for directing which requests are directed to which servers. There could be multiple web servers operating on the same server, serving different kinds of services or a mixture of both. These servers utilize an HTTP protocol to perform the role of an ordinary web server. However, they could also be equipped with application server protocols like FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy that directs the clients towards specific servers in accordance with the resource being requested or to follow specific rules for the traffic load.

Reverse proxies are also able to benefit from their position before web servers through caching functions. The large static files can be set up using caching rules to avoid the web server from being hit with every request, with some solutions that allow you to serve static content without having to connect to the website server at all. Furthermore, the reverse proxy is capable of handling compression of these assets.

The popular Nginx web server is also used as a reliable reverse proxy service. While Apache is an alternative to reverse proxy and it is not the only one. Apache website server additionally has reverse proxy functions, which is an additional option for Apache however Nginx was originally designed to and concentrates specifically on reverse proxy capabilities.

Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use Examples

Since "forward" or "reverse" are both associated with a sense of directionality, and false connections with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the names could be confusing as both types of proxies are able to handle requests as well as respond. The best method to differentiate between both forward and reverse proxy services is to consider the requirements of the app you're creating.

Reverse proxy is useful when you are creating an option to host websites on the internet. They serve as your web servers in any interactions through the Internet.

A forward proxy is helpful when it is used before customers for your own usage, or even in a professional setting. They act as a representative of your customers in any interactions on the internet.

Utilizing case-based differentiation instead of focusing solely on similar naming conventions can assist you in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

This article describes what is a "proxy" is with the two major types of proxies being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical scenarios to use them and a look at beneficial features were utilized to differentiate different types of proxies: forward and reverse. If you're interested in learning how to make proxies work, look up our guide on how to set up Nginx as reverse and web server proxy to Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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